HOUSTON — Flaring of natural gas in the United States contributed to dozens of premature deaths in 2019, according to a new study co-authored by Clean Air Task Force experts and Rice University environmental engineers.  

“Flaring wastes gas and results in unnecessary emissions of methane, carbon dioxide, and pollutants like black carbon particulate matter that directly harm human health,” said Lesley Fleischman, Senior Analyst at CATF and co-author of the study. “It’s clear from this data that controlling or eliminating flaring from oil and gas fields is critical to both reduce emissions and improve health outcomes in surrounding communities.”  

Routine flaring of natural gas occurs when oil producers, driven by the rush to sell oil, burn off the gas from producing oil wells instead of capturing the gas the well produces. This process not only wastes valuable resources but produces large amounts of harmful black carbon particulate matter, a harmful super pollutant, as well as carbon dioxide and methane. The quantity of flaring in the U.S. is equivalent to the burning of over 72 million metric tons of carbon dioxide or 18 coal-fired power plants.   

“Our research shows that flaring not only wastes a valuable fuel but is deadly, too,” said Dan Cohan, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Rice University who co-authored the study. “Particulate matter causes more deaths than all other air pollutants combined, and flares are an important source of it.”  

The study, which used satellite observations of oil fields together with models of how air pollution travels in the atmosphere, found that the United States emitted nearly 16,000 tons of black carbon in 2019, and “makes clear that the particulate matter produced by flaring can lead to dangerous outcomes for communities living near oil and gas development,” said co-author and CATF Senior Scientist David McCabe. The study also notes that cost-effective technological alternatives to flaring already exist, including utilizing gas gathering pipelines, small-scale gas utilization technologies, or reinjecting the gas back into the ground. 

Regulating flaring is also essential in mitigating climate change. Curbing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is crucial to significantly reduce the amount of global warming we experience over the next two decades  and avoid passing irreversible climate tipping points. Leading states such as New Mexico and Colorado have put in place rules that ban the practice of flaring associated gas from oil wells due to lack of proper infrastructure to handle the gas. While the EPA has proposed aggressive actions to reduce methane emissions from the oil and natural gas industry, it has not yet moved to restrict the practice of flaring gas from oil wells, despite the harmful pollution it produces.  

Fleischman continued: “Eliminating the emissions associated with flaring is vital to reducing human exposure to harmful particulate matter. Substantial regulations on flaring from the oil and gas sector are an obvious and crucial step to improve health outcomes.” 

Read the full study here and Rice University statement here.  

Press Contact: 

Troy Shaheen, Communications Director, U.S., [email protected], +1 845-750-1189 

About Clean Air Task Force:  
Clean Air Task Force (CATF) is a global nonprofit organization working to safeguard against the worst impacts of climate change by catalyzing the rapid development and deployment of low-carbon energy and other climate-protecting technologies. With 25 years of internationally recognized expertise on climate policy and a fierce commitment to exploring all potential solutions, CATF is a pragmatic, non-ideological advocacy group with the bold ideas needed to address climate change. CATF has offices in Boston, Washington D.C., and Brussels, with staff working virtually around the world.  

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WASHINGTON – The State of the Union provides President Biden with a “clear opportunity to reinject urgency into the federal government’s efforts to take bold action on climate change,” said Conrad Schneider, Advocacy Director at Clean Air Task Force (CATF). 

President Biden will deliver his first State of the Union address this evening, just one day after the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a new report finding that climate change is already causing “dangerous and widespread disruption” and that the world has a “brief and rapidly closing window” to avoid passing irreversible climate tipping points.  

Schneider continued: “President Biden has made climate change a top priority for his administration, invoking a ‘whole of government’ approach to reducing carbon emissions to net-zero by midcentury. His administration has made substantial progress, including by leading the United States back into the Paris Agreement, spearheading the Global Methane Pledge, acting to decarbonize the industrial sector, and unlocking billions of dollars for climate action through the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA).  

Still, there is far more the U.S. can and must do to make good on the administration’s climate ambitions. With key climate and clean energy provisions included in the Build Back Better Act still hanging in the balance, the U.S. is currently missing a vital and critically needed opportunity to develop, demonstrate, and deploy carbon-free technologies at scale. With tonight’s State of the Union, President Biden can reinject urgency into his administration’s efforts to pass critical climate legislation – which would boost the American economy, spur global clean energy advancement, and position the U.S. for long term leadership in a decarbonizing world.  

We hope he’ll take that opportunity and showcase his resolve to follow through on bold climate action in tonight’s address, and include it as a vital part of U.S. efforts to ensure a safe and secure country and world.” 

Press Contact 

Troy Shaheen, Communications Director, U.S., Clean Air Task Force, [email protected], +1 845-750-1189 

About Clean Air Task Force 

Clean Air Task Force (CATF) is a non-profit organization working to safeguard against the worst impacts of climate change by catalyzing the rapid global development and deployment of low-carbon energy and other climate-protecting technologies. We work towards these objectives through research and analysis, public advocacy leadership, and partnership with the private sector. With nearly 25 years of nationally and internationally recognized expertise in clean air policy and regulations and a fierce commitment to fully exploring all potential solutions. CATF is headquartered in Boston, with staff working virtually around the U.S. and abroad. 

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As we celebrate our 25th anniversary this year, we’re taking the opportunity to reflect on our impact, consider the challenges we’ve faced, and ensure our successes inform our current efforts as we expand our global footprint and capabilities. This month, we’re diving deep into CATF’s humble beginnings and early successes, which laid the groundwork for our bold, strategic approach to advocacy — recognizing the ways in which our quarter decade of experience has positioned us to achieve meaningful climate progress in our 25th year and beyond.  

Laying the groundwork for effective U.S. advocacy during the early years 

Today, CATF works across the globe on a range of climate, clean air, and energy initiatives, but we started in 1996 as a six-person team of lawyers (including our Executive Director Armond Cohen and current Legal Director Ann Weeks), policy analysts, and energy experts in Boston, Massachusetts. Our founding team came out of New England’s Conservation Law Foundation and from other nonprofits, where they collaborated on energy and environmental issues facing New England. We had a singular mission: control pollution from United States coal plants. Harnessing the power of many legal authorities, we set out to generate incentives to get the coal industry to clean up its act.  

CATF’s original strategy revolved around the simple premise that creating economic incentives for the electric generating industry to either control its pollution or transition to cleaner alternatives for electricity production will improve air quality, public health, and the U.S.’s climate trajectory. We aimed to secure many different regulations on pollution from the largest, dirtiest U.S. coal plants to protect public health and the environment with a highly tactical, scalable campaign model, partnering with over 30 state and regional organizations across the eastern U.S. and Texas. Our focus was a multipollutant strategy: national regulations governing the transport of air pollution across state lines, controlling air toxics, power plant cooling water, and coal combustion wastes — understanding that the rules would present the economic choice between applying pollution control or planning retirement and replacement of old dirty plants with new cleaner, lower-carbon energy sources.  

We supported pioneering analyses on emissions health impacts and harnessed the power of a tenacious team of litigators across partner organizations and with state Attorneys General. In coalition with our state and regional environmental group partners — many of which we continue to work with today — we pushed for controls to be added to coal plants that would remove air toxics and improve public health.  To portray in human terms what was at stake, we also published Death, Disease, and Dirty Power, the first national study on the public health impacts of coal-fired power plants that estimated their pollution caused 30,000 premature deaths per year. Ultimately, our Power Plant Pollution Campaign helped reduce power plant emissions from smog and soot by more than 70%, and air toxics by over 85%. The rules we championed have played a role in the industry’s decision to retire a third of the nation’s power plants, with nearly all currently scheduled to be retired by the 2040s. 

These initial successes set the foundation for our later work. Guided by the best available scientific and economic data, undeterred by political ideology, and always ahead of popular environmental thinking, we focused our efforts on any and all promising pathways to slash emissions. In 2000, we became the first environmental NGO to sound the alarm on the dangers of super pollutants like methane and black carbon. Shortly thereafter, we launched and led the National Diesel Clean-Up Campaign to mitigate harmful air pollution from diesel vehicles in coalition with over 40 state and local partner groups. These campaigns and durable partnerships culminated in numerous state and federal initiatives to reduce harmful emissions from a variety of sources.  

Key achievements and milestones over our 25-year history 

CATF’s powerful campaigns and advocacy work in the U.S. have been essential to expanding the boundaries of the climate dialogue to create incentives for proactive technological advancements, pragmatic policies, and the establishment of regulations to implement them. The organizing work we did in the early years has matured into coalitions with other environmental groups and with other energy sector players that help ensure success and broad backing for our initiatives. As an initially small and nimble team of scientists, lawyers, advocates, and industry experts, working to leverage the power of our partner organizations, we take pride in the long list of our accomplishments:   

• Achieved mercury and other air toxics emissions reductions from coal-fired and oil-fired power plants, through a litigation and regulatory effort that began in the early ’90s and resulted in the final U.S. EPA Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS), which became fully effective in 2016. MATS has delivered significant emissions reductions since it was implemented in power plant mercury, acid gas emissions, and other toxic metals. Because of the acid gas reductions, MATS also yielded substantial reductions in fine particulate matter, exposure to which also causes significant respiratory harms. We continue to defend these rules.  
• EPA finalized the first-ever carbon dioxide emission limits on new coal-fired power plants in 2015 after years of our advocacy. Recently reaffirmed even by the Trump EPA, they are set at a level based on partial carbon capture and sequestration.  
• Helped to catalyze the first direct regulation of methane emissions from the oil and gas industry. 
• Provided expert legal and technical input and defense during EPA’s creation, promulgation, and challenge to the Clean Power Plan, a landmark climate regulation aimed at reducing carbon emissions from U.S. electricity generation, and successfully challenged the Trump Administration’s “Dirty Power Plan” rule, which we are now continuing to defend in the Supreme Court.  

• Defended and continue to press for the tightening of U.S. EPA rules under the “good neighbor” provision of the Clean Air Act. This work has been going on since CATF’s founding.  It requires continuing updates in emissions reductions to implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in areas of the country that are impacted by pollution drifting across state lines that cause downwind nonattainment problems. Those rules have resulted in significant reductions in smog and soot across the Eastern U.S. and promise similar reductions in the Midwest and Western states. 
• Worked with the Biden transition team to catalyze two executive orders directing the reconsideration of a number of public health and climate protections and championed the use of science in regulatory decision-making. 
• Worked in coalition with partners across the public health and environmental community in successfully opposing the Trump Administration’s efforts to censor scientific and economic studies that form the basis of informed regulatory decision making, particularly those relating to air pollution health effects, climate change impacts, and the social costs of greenhouse gas emissions. 
• Engaged the EPA on reinstated and stronger proposed oil and gas methane emissions standards.   

Applying what we have learned to our advocacy today 

Today, a large portion of CATF’s advocacy in the U.S. remains rooted in our environmental regulatory and litigation work, which implements our domestic initiatives.  Our legal team — led by founding member and Legal Director Ann Weeks — continues to push for a cleaner, lower-carbon domestic energy sector, and our work focuses now not just on electricity production, but also on other industrial sources, oil and gas development sources, and transportation. CATF’s policy, technology and legal advocacy work has been successful in making sure that technologies like carbon capture and sequestration, for example, are now part of the public dialogue.  

As we continue growing and expanding our technology innovation, analysis and energy modeling efforts, and regulatory advocacy, our team’s focus remains on identifying the root causes of climate pollution, finding realistic solutions, building coalitions with powerful stakeholders, and focusing on scientific and economic data over mainstream narratives. This approach is foundational to CATF, and it has never wavered.  

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“The world’s foremost climate scientists have delivered a dire warning about the massive risks of tipping points,” said Sarah Smith, Program Director, Super Pollutants at CATF. “The need to cut methane emissions as rapidly as possible has never been more clear.” 

Today, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has released its Working Group II report, the latest in a long line of reports that illustrate the urgency of climate action. Working Group I’s contribution ahead of COP26 helped focus world leaders on the issue of methane abatement. It illustrated that reducing methane emissions is the only action we can take now that will significantly reduce the amount of global warming we experience in the next two decades. Working Group II builds on this message by providing detailed insights into the climate tipping points we are rapidly approaching. 

For decades, many climate models predicted that climate change would proceed at a steady rate. However, in the past few years the science has evolved. We now understand that these catastrophic climate events – such as the loss of the Amazon rainforest or the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet – can occur at much lower temperatures than previously assumed. These tipping points would see abrupt releases of large quantities of greenhouse gases back into the atmosphere and speed up sea level rise globally. Any vision of slow and steady adaptation to climate change is impossible in this scenario. 

The human and natural impacts of climate tipping points are detailed at length in the IPCC’s latest report and should be a dire warning to policymakers around the world. 

“The best way to put a handbrake on global warming is by rapidly cutting methane emissions,” said Jonathan Banks, International Director, Super Pollutants at CATF. “What’s hopeful about that is we already have the tools and technology to achieve significant cuts this decade – we simply need the political will to make it happen.” 

During COP26, more than 100 countries committed to the Global Methane Pledge, which aims at a 30% global reduction in methane emissions by 2030. This scheme is spearheaded by the U.S. and the European Union, and new methane legislation is already in motion in both countries. 

Methane is a harmful super pollutant that warms the planet more than 80 times more than carbon dioxide over its first 20 years in the atmosphere. It’s responsible for about half a degree of global warming so far, and its levels are rising fast – the atmospheric growth rate in 2021 was the fastest in years. Due to its short-lived nature, however, there are significant short-term benefits to cutting methane emissions now. In fact, reducing methane pollution is the fastest way to slow global warming and avoid near-term and irreversible impacts such as collapsing glaciers. 

Methane pollution comes from human activities in three broad sectors: fossil fuels, agriculture, and waste. And we have solutions available in all three. Affordable, currently available technologies could stop nearly half of these emissions this decade, enough to avoid 0.3 °C of warming by the 2040s. 

In the case of fossil fuels, we can substantially reduce methane emissions by regularly inspecting oil and gas infrastructure for leaks and super-emitters, eliminating wasteful venting and flaring of gas, and updating outdated equipment at oil and gas facilities that emits methane by design. In the case of agriculture, we can curb emissions with better livestock and manure management practices throughout global meat and dairy production. Waste emissions, such as those from landfills, can be cut by requiring landfills to strictly control releases of methane-rich landfill gas, and by diverting food waste (the source of much of the methane) away from landfills. 

Governments are beginning to put these solutions into place – both at the U.S. state and federal level, and around the world, but broad, ambitious actions are needed to achieve the necessary pace and scale of methane reductions.  

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Governors from four states—New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming—today announced their intent to collaborate on a western inter-state hydrogen hub to compete for new hydrogen infrastructure funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). A hydrogen hub from this multi-state collaboration can take advantage of diverse energy resources, national labs, academic institutions, industry, and community stakeholders throughout the region to optimize an application for federal hydrogen hubs funding that covers the full clean hydrogen value chain. Clean Air Task Force (CATF) welcomes the four states’ stated commitment to producing climate-beneficial hydrogen-based fuels in ways that empower and protect frontline communities, minimize pipeline leaks, and address negative air quality impacts.   

“Building out regional, low-carbon hydrogen economies is an essential and potent component of a decarbonizing economy,” said Andrew Place, State Energy and Climate Policy Director for Clean Air Task Force. “This region’s uniquely diverse and interconnected energy resources, existing and potential carbon management assets, and renowned research institutions are powerful drivers for leading success. Within the context of an energy hungry and growing economy, this region is well placed to lead as early adopters of clean hydrogen technologies.” 

A hydrogen hub is a close proximity network of zero-carbon fuels production and end-use demonstrations that supports industry learning at a large scale and achieves net-greenhouse gas emissions reductions and other regional environmental benefits. “CATF strongly supported the creation and authorization of the $8 billion Regional Clean Hydrogen Hub program in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), a wide-reaching bill that will spur the infrastructure development needed for deep decarbonization” said Conrad Schneider, Advocacy Director at Clean Air Task Force. “We hope a western hub can help achieve the goal of demonstrating effective regional hydrogen economies and the production of low-carbon hydrogen,” he added.  

Hallmarks of a successful clean hydrogen hub are likely to include a wide range of potential hydrogen off-takers, strong public engagement, and commitment to delivering near-term environmental benefits. Hubs that use natural gas to make hydrogen should have a robust system for detecting and eliminating methane leaks in the upstream natural gas supply chain and access to high-quality carbon sequestration resources. Hubs that make hydrogen from electricity should have access to a surplus of renewable or nuclear energy.   

Press Contacts: Troy Shaheen, Communications Director, U.S., [email protected], 845-750-1189; and Stuart Ross, Communications Director, [email protected], 914-649-5037. 

About Clean Air Task Force

Clean Air Task Force (CATF) is a global nonprofit organization working to safeguard against the worst impacts of climate change by catalyzing the rapid development and deployment of low-carbon energy and other climate-protecting technologies. With 25 years of internationally recognized expertise on climate policy and a fierce commitment to exploring all potential solutions, CATF is a pragmatic, non-ideological advocacy group with the bold ideas needed to address climate change. CATF has offices in Boston, Washington D.C., and Brussels, with staff working virtually around the world. 

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Matt Bright

This week, the White House’s Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) released new guidance for the scale up of a full-fledged and critically needed carbon management industry, inclusive of both point source, direct air capture (DAC), and associated carbon dioxide transport and storage. This is a great indication from the White House that it’s prepared to do the work of enabling a carbon management sector that considers not only emissions reductions, but also impacts on communities, workers, and local economies.  

Building on its June 2021 Report, CEQ’s guidance affirms that carbon management technologies are effective and ready for deployment, as well as required to help the U.S. meet its net-zero emissions targets outlined in the Nationally Determined Contribution. Beyond the direct emissions-reduction benefit, the guidance also outlines the benefits of carbon management technologies to communities, workers, and local economy.  

It states, “CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration) deployment can and should reduce emissions of other kinds of pollution in addition to carbon pollution, protect communities from increases in cumulative pollution, and maintain and create good, union-friendly jobs across the country.”  

The rest of the report is spent detailing how to reach this goal in an efficient, orderly, and responsible manner. The following broad themes that appear throughout the guidance:  

• The need for community engagement, community engagement, and more community engagement early, often, and always at every step of the development and deployment process. In every nook and cranny of the report, a form of the following sentence is used: “Responsible CCUS projects should engage communities and Tribes in co-development of projects and approaches; protect communities from pollution; and incorporate environmental justice and equity considerations, especially in communities that are already exposed to multiple pollution sources.” It will be especially critical to provide “information about the impacts, costs and benefits of CCUS in advance of Tribal consultation and stakeholder engagement.” 
• The need for streamlining and intra as well as inter-agency coordination on all aspects of CCUS development and deployment. CEQ’s recommendations for the development of programmatic environmental impact statements (PEISs) as well as inter-agency CCUS project recommended performance schedules and coordination of underground storage permitting and siting, monitoring and verification on federal lands and other lands is vital for to realize the ‘efficient’ and ‘orderly’ deployment of carbon management technologies. In addition, the report recommends DOE, EPA, DOT, and the National Science Foundation work together on the front-end RDD&D side of CCUS development as well.  
• The need for transparency in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting. CEQ rightly recognizes that a key component of ‘responsibly’ developing carbon management technologies is building public trust. This involves enhanced reporting under the GHG Reporting Program and a National inter-agency coordination for underground storage monitoring, reporting and verification. Moreover, transparency also extends to life-cycle analyses for DAC as well as the establishment of standards or certification for carbon utilization products.  
• The need for development of safety protocols and worst-case scenarios. Safety monitoring, updated regulations, protocols for enforcement and financial risk are all vitally responsible elements for developing carbon capture technology well.  
• The need for understanding all the environmental impacts of carbon management tech. This includes an assessment of the complete environmental footprint of carbon capture equipment: how it affects air quality, underground storage, etc.   

CEQ’s guidance underscores that the current administration understands how critical it is to get carbon management technologies deployed and deployed right, i.e., efficiently, orderly, and responsibly. Their commitment to ensuring positive community impacts is necessary and laudable, as is their adherence to the pathway laid out by the world’s foremost climate modelers — who unanimously affirm the need for carbon management at scale to ward off the worst impacts of climate change. In summary, the agencies of the Executive branch would do well to follow the guidance laid out for them by CEQ to advance carbon management. 

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Emily Kent

Last week, Clean Air Task Force (CATF) provided testimony at a Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources hearing on clean hydrogen – the first hearing the Committee has held on that topic since 2006. CATF’s Jonathan Lewis, Senior Counsel and Director of Transportation Decarbonization, testified on the importance of hydrogen to global decarbonization efforts on behalf of Mike Fowler, Director of Advanced Energy Technology Research. 

CATF’s remarks were centered on the need for low-carbon hydrogen as part of the solution set for climate change. The testimony from CATF covered how hydrogen—a versatile and carbon-free energy carrier—can help meet the challenge of fully decarbonizing the U.S. economy by midcentury; which sectors are likely to require hydrogen to decarbonize; and what types of research, development, demonstration, and deployment programs for hydrogen will help the United States meet its ambitious climate goals.  

CATF outlined what is needed to ensure that new hydrogen production is clean, particularly that hydrogen produced with natural gas must have extremely low methane leak rates in the natural gas supply chain and very high rates of carbon capture, and hydrogen produced with an electrolyzer must use electricity that is both clean and additional to existing and planned zero-carbon electricity generation. In response to a question from Senator Joe Manchin, Mr. Lewis also addressed the attributes that CATF believes are essential for creating good hubs through the Department of Energy’s Regional Clean Hydrogen Hub program (established in the 2021 bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act).  

The hearing prompted a wide-ranging and productive conversation between the members of the Committee and a panel of experts from the public and private sectors. Below are highlights of the key points that CATF shared with the Senators on clean hydrogen:  

• The climate challenge is vast and urgent and will require a monumental shift in our energy system. Achieving net-zero emissions across the energy system within several decades will require massive transitions in energy production and in a variety of end-use sectors.  
• 80% of end-use energy today is provided by fuel molecules, and we will likely always have demand for fuels. Electrification of some of those fuel end-uses (combined with a shift to zero-carbon electricity sources) is an essential decarbonization strategy. However, not all end-uses of fuel can be electrified, so we will also need zero-carbon fuels like hydrogen to reach full decarbonization. Hydrogen is a versatile, carbon-free energy carrier that can substitute for some conventional fuels, and the United States and other countries already have considerable industrial experience making and using hydrogen. 

• Hydrogen provides a climate opportunity. In the United States, hydrogen provides an enormous opportunity for decarbonization in certain sectors and could contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by a billion metric tons per year or more. Hydrogen could be essential in decarbonizing heavy transportation (such as heavy-duty trucking, marine shipping, and aviation) and heavy industry (for example in combustion of fuels for process heating and in ironmaking). Hydrogen might also have a key role to play in the power sector as a load balancer to help enable an electricity grid powered in large part by wind- and solar-based generation, because hydrogen can be produced from intermittent renewable energy sources when supply exceeds energy demand and stored to be used when demand exceeds zero-carbon energy supply. 
• Federal funding for research, development, demonstration, and deployment will be invaluable in building out the clean hydrogen economy. The road to decarbonization with hydrogen is not entirely clear today. Demand for clean hydrogen is projected to grow due to net-zero goals, and demand in the U.S. could be 10 quadrillion Btu or more by midcentury from the sectors mentioned above. But federal R&D and demonstration programs – like the hydrogen hub program – will need to play a key role in building scale, industry learning, and seeding growth. Deployment support for hydrogen with low greenhouse gas intensity – likely in the form of production tax credits or other incentives – will also be needed. 

To play a part in meeting decarbonization goals, hydrogen production will have to be clean. If it is produced using best practices for minimizing greenhouse gas intensity (which are evolving and improving over time), hydrogen can serve as a low- or zero-carbon fuel source to aid in our clean energy transition. Policies that support clean hydrogen, with a focus on the climate, environmental, and community impacts of hydrogen’s production and use, will also play an essential role in building out the low-carbon hydrogen economy that is needed to decarbonize “hard-to-electrify” sectors. CATF looks forward to continued engagement with the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and other stakeholders on clean hydrogen.  

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