While carbon dioxide is more prevalent in the atmosphere, methane is more lethal to the environment. The Stanford researchers found that methane’s global warming potential is 86 times higher than carbon dioxide’s over 20 years and at least 25 times greater a century after it is released into the air. Methane also increases the concentration of tropospheric ozone in the air, which the researchers estimate can cause 1 million premature deaths by respiratory illness worldwide each year. Even more worrisome, ever since the industrial revolution, methane’s concentration has grown at double the rate of carbon dioxide’s.

Most methane leaks occur when stoves are off

To gauge just how much methane gas that stoves are leaking, the scientists measured methane and nitrogen oxides released in 53 homes in California. The researchers studied the stoves during combustion, ignition and when they were shut off. They looked at 18 brands of gas cooktops and stoves ranging in age from three to 30 years. The highest emitters of methane were cooktops that were ignited via a pilot light. The cost or the age of the stove had no bearing on how much methane was emitted. Surprisingly, the researchers discovered that more than three-quarters of methane emissions happened when the stoves were turned off. That implies that most of the problem can be blamed on faulty gas fittings and connections to the stove and in-home gas lines.

The solution to all this leaking methane? According to researchers: an electric stove.

“I don’t want to breathe any extra nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide or formaldehyde,” said study senior author Rob Jackson, the Michelle and Kevin Douglas provostial professor and professor of Earth system science. “Why not reduce the risk entirely? Switching to electric stoves will cut greenhouse gas emissions and indoor air pollution.”

Donna Fuscaldo is a contributing writer and editor focusing on personal finance and health. She has spent over two decades writing and covering news for several national publications including the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Investopedia and HerMoney.

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