By now you are well aware that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been found in a lot of wild birds this year — up and down the East Coast, from Canada to Florida and in many states in between. There have been outbreaks of this viral disease in backyard poultry and commercial flocks, including several in Pennsylvania.
If you’re visiting farms — for business or just dropping in on a neighbor — you should always be thinking about what you can do to prevent bringing a pathogen onto the farm or taking one off of the farm when you leave.
That small pile of bird droppings in the parking lot at your neighborhood convenience store could very well have the HPAI virus in it, and it could end up on the bottom of your boots when you walk from your truck to the store to pick up a coffee. If your next stop is at the farm down the road to drop off some grain or hay, you could also be dropping off the virus from the bottom of your boot.
If one of the chickens that lives on the farm then happens to pick up a bug, or some grain, from the ground where you walked, you might just have become responsible for introducing HPAI onto that farm. The virus could also be on your clothing, on your vehicle, or even on your hands.
John Boney, assistant professor of poultry science, points out that it’s easy to reduce the risk by taking some simple precautions.
The first step is to not drive further onto the farm property than necessary, and avoid driving where dirt (possibly with the HPAI virus in it) from your tires or undercarriage might get onto surfaces where poultry can be foraging, the farm’s equipment or tires could become contaminated, or farm employees might walk.
You also want to avoid getting dirt and manure from the farm on your vehicle, because you might then be taking the virus with you to the farm down the road.
Many larger farms are installing automatic vehicle spraying systems, or there might be a tank full of disinfectant at the end of the lane for you to manually spray down your vehicle. Please make sure you follow any and all instructions that the farm has posted. Keeping your vehicle clean is also a recommended best practice (disinfectants work much better on clean surfaces), so get to know where the car washes are in your territory and use them regularly.
Next, make sure you have a bunch of disposable boot covers in your vehicle, as well as some disinfectant spray and hand sanitizer. The best option is to not get out of your vehicle at all, but if that’s not possible, slip on a set of boot covers. This will prevent you from leaving anything that’s on your footwear on the farm.
Minimize your time out of the vehicle. If you don’t need to be there, don’t go. Instead of bringing the delivery slip or invoice into the office, text or email it to the farm manager. If you have to go into areas where there is a possibility of animal contact, you should put on a pair of disposable coveralls.
When you’ve finished at the farm, remove your boot covers and disposable coveralls. By doing this, you’ve hopefully prevented any harmful viruses or bacteria that might be present on the farm from getting onto your footwear and into your vehicle. Give the used items (they’re meant for single use) to someone at the farm to dispose of in their trash. As you swing your feet back into your vehicle, give your boots or shoes a quick spray with the disinfectant for an extra measure of safety. Then disinfect your hands with a sanitizer, since you were just handling the boot covers.
Those are some simple and inexpensive precautions you can take to reduce the risk of transmitting HPAI onto or off of a farm. Please consider implementing them today, if you aren’t already doing so.
Another thing to consider is whether you have poultry at home. If you do, you should be taking a extra precautions to keep them safe, and reduce the possibility infecting other farms in case your birds get HPAI.
First of all, watch them closely for signs of disease or unexpected death. The signs of HPAI vary substantially (sudden death, lack of appetite, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, incoordination), so almost anything unusual that you observe should be considered suspicious and should be reported to the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture at 717-772-2852. PDA has a veterinarian on call 24/7. In the meantime, you should also not allow any visitors onto (or off of) your farm, and you definitely shouldn’t take any birds off the farm unless instructed to do so by the Ag Department.
Secondly, when you leave your farm or home, you should not wear the same boots and clothing that you wore when taking care of your animals. There’s a risk of bringing manure and respiratory secretions (both of which may contain HPAI and other pathogens) to other farms that way. When you come home after work, you should change clothing to reduce the risk of getting your animals sick. If you can change clothes and shoes at the office and disinfect them there, that would be even better.
Reducing the risk of spreading HPAI requires everyone doing their part. Even a few small changes to your routines and habits could make a big difference.
For more information about HPAI, visit Penn State Extension’s avian influenza website and watch a video about biosecurity.
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